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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the perfect cup of coffee. What exactly does it work?

To make espresso maker barista hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However the pressure is the main difference.

The Group Head

The name implies, the group head is the place you insert your portafilter when making espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter, and then regulates the pressure of the extraction. There are several different types of group head each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed for stability of temperature while others are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. There are some that have a combination of features, such as the E61, which is considered the classic choice among many baristas because of its ability to offer multiple perks in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head is fitted with several notches. You place your portafilter into these notches and machine espresso twist the head to lock it. A gasket of rubber is situated within the notches to create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches permit an exact placement of the portafilter. This is crucial to ensure an accurate extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily place your portafilter in, the group head is also responsible for maintaining an even temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket, and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature for extraction. It is crucial to keep in mind that even a tiny variation can mean the difference between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure that is required for espresso extraction. This is different from manually operated piston machines that employ levers. The pressure is created by removing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger before being pumped through the ground coffee inside the group head.

Pumps tend to be cheaper than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, however both types of machines can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which could increase the cost of even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso. This can lead to over-extraction as the boiler that makes steam also warms the water to boil. They also have to continually rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines utilize a vibration or rotary pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc to create pressure, and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines produce great espresso, but rotary machines are more quiet, durable and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is what is used to heat the water to the perfect temperature for extraction. The resulting steam is then transferred to the portafilter that contains the ground espresso and is then pumped down into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure that pushes through the coffee grounds. This results in a crema on top espresso machines of the espresso. This is a sign of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, and they differ in the kind of pump they use and the degree of heat that the coffee is. There are different ways in which the brew could be controlled and the size of the cup the machine can produce.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The earliest best home espresso machine machines were steam-type machines. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is why Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern espresso machine.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. These are the images people have when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans by yourself however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great combination of human control and mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically have a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential part of the machine's temperature control, since it stops overheating.

It also helps with flavor, since a filter allows for machine espresso a more prolonged bloom time. This allows the beans to release their flavor and also allows for better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a great filter could result in a bad cup of coffee, as the quality of the beans and extraction are important.

It's here that the magic takes place. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead, often referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the thing you put the coffee grounds into) is placed when you're making espresso.

Steam-driven italian espresso machine machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water through coffee grounds under high pressure. These kinds of machines are usually less expensive and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited to create the ideal conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air-compressor to force hot water through the ground and are much more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.